In the late 1950s, partly because of a worldwide decrease in demand for Uruguyan agricultural products, Uruguayans suffered from a steep drop in their standard of living, which led to student militancy and labor unrest. [25] But still the difference is not big enough to consider a dry or wet season, periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year. [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. [32] Colorado Party leader Julio Mara Sanguinetti won the presidency and served from 1985 to 1990. In 1994 and 1995, Uruguay faced economic difficulties caused by the liberalization of foreign trade, which increased the trade deficit. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. [90], On 15 March 2011, Uruguay became the seventh South American nation to officially recognize a Palestinian state,[91] although there was no specification for the Palestinian state's borders as part of the recognition. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. Numerous radio stations and musical events reflect the popularity of rock music and the Caribbean genres, known as msica tropical ("tropical music"). Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. [13][14] It is the lowest ranking South American nation in the Global Terrorism Index, and ranks second in the continent on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, and inflows of FDI. [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. [83] A rivalry between the port of Montevideo and the port of Buenos Aires, dating back to the times of the Spanish Empire, has been described as a "port war". President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, low perception of corruption,[12] and e-government. Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. The mobile phone market is shared by the state-owned ANTEL and two private companies, Movistar and Claro. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas and the chief port as well as the cultural, educational, commercial and financial center of Uruguay. Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. [45] Although Baldomir declared Uruguay neutral in 1939, British warships and the German ship Admiral Graf Spee fought a battle not far off Uruguay's coast. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). The Colorados favored the exiled Argentine liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the Argentine ruler Manuel de Rosas. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. [25], The folk and popular music of Uruguay shares not only its gaucho roots with Argentina, but also those of the tango. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. [153] The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (35 years); primary (611 years); basic secondary (1214 years); upper secondary (1517 years); higher education (18 and up); and post-graduate education. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. [167] Despite their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [69] Winter temperatures range from a daily average of 11C (52F) in the south to 14C (57F) in the north, while summer average daily temperatures range from 21C (70F) in the southeast to 25C (77F) in the northwest. The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. The country name of Uruguay derives from the namesake Ro Uruguay, from the Indigenous Guaran language. [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. Tourism and banking are also important sectors; Uruguay acts as a regional hub for international finance and tourism. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. [169], Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). According to the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012, Uruguay scored an 8.17 in the Democracy Index and ranked equal 18th amongst the 25 countries considered to be full democracies in the world. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. [26], Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. Yeah I acted indifferently, I don t think how to lower blood pressure when its high fast there is any problem. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. The United States and Uruguay established diplomatic relations in 1867. In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. [53], Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. Elder Eddy has degrees in communication and law from Brigham Young University. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. Wedged like a grape between Brazils gargantuan thumb and Argentinas long forefinger, Uruguay has always been something of an underdog. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. WebUruguay. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. When the two clubs play each other, it is known as Uruguayan Clsico and is the most important rivalry in Uruguay and one of the biggest in the American continent.[171]. WebUruguay - Uruguay - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. [162] Consequently, Montevideo's newspapers, which account for all of Uruguay's principal daily newspapers, greatly expanded their circulations. [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. As few native people exist in the population, no indigenous languages are thought to remain in Uruguay. [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. [25] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [35] The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative Blancos (Whites) headed by the second President Manuel Oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal Colorados (Reds) led by the first President Fructuoso Rivera, representing the business interests of Montevideo. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. [25], Uruguay's best-known contemporary writer is Eduardo Galeano, author of Las venas abiertas de Amrica Latina (1971; "Open Veins of Latin America") and the trilogy Memoria del fuego (198287; "Memory of Fire"). His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. [121] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. Uruguay is the only country in South America situated entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. Uruguay: A Country Study, 1990, Rex A. Hudson and Sandra W. Meditz, En el pas de las conquistas sindicales, Christophe Ventura, octubre de 2015, British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo, treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, International Military Education and Training, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado, "The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) - Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "Hace 13.000 aos cazadores-recolectores exploraron y colonizaron planicie del ro Cuareim", "Presentan tesis del nombre Uruguay Diario EL PAIS Montevideo Uruguay", "Uruguay, el pas de los pjaros pintados despierta la pasin por mirar", "Las estructuras tumulares (cerritos) del litoral atlantico uruguayo", "Uruguay and the memory of the Charra tribe ThePrisma.co.uk", "THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 181130 Uruguay", "BEGINNINGS OF INDEPENDENT LIFE, 183052 Uruguay", "THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL, 185275 Uruguay", "Caudillos and Political Stability Uruguay", "Evolution of the Economy and Society Uruguay", "THE CONSERVATIVE ADJUSTMENT, 193143 Uruguay", "Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship Uruguay", "Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations", "Uruguay's Left Makes History by Winning Presidential Vote", "Uruguay elects Jos Mujica as president, polls show", "Same-sex marriage bill comes into force in Uruguay", "Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election", "Uruguay's new center-right president sworn in", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Tornado kills 4, injures hundreds in Uruguay", "Ola de calor: Florida registr un rcord histrico de temperatura", RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY Boletn Meteorolgico Mensual Direccin Nacional de Meteorologa, "Uruguay's Constitution of 1966, Reinstated in 1985, with Amendments through 2004", "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years", "The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2012", "Censos 2011 Instituto Nacional de Estadistica", "Uruguay marks distance from Argentina: UK does not come to plunder resources", "Mujica praises Argentina/Uruguay common past; calls for an end to 'ports' war', ''Clarn'': Hay 115 casos de dermatitis en un balneario ubicado frente a Botnia, "Uruguay and Argentina implement "scientific" accord for joint monitoring", Brazil and Uruguay step closer to integration, "Chavez and Mujica Meet and Sign Numerous Bilateral Agreements", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament No. Law from Brigham young University [ 162 ], the government nationalized railways... 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