The front is often well defined, causing a large temperature drop in a 24-hour period. Its capital is Helena. Beginning in 1909, these elections became nonpartisan. There have also been long-term shifts in party control. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. Weather and agricultural conditions are much harsher and drier west of the 100th meridian. [282] West Yellowstone offers a large selection of trails and is the primary starting point for snowmobile trips into Yellowstone National Park,[283] where "oversnow" vehicle use is strictly limited, usually to guided tours, and regulations are in considerable flux. A 1974 state severance tax on coal (which varied from 20 to 30%) was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act. [81] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. [288], Montana is ranked as the least obese state in the U.S., at 19.6%, according to the 2014 Gallup Poll. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. The U.S. Constitution provides each state with a single representative, with additional representatives apportioned based on population. [76], The state's topography is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. The District Courts also have de novo appellate jurisdiction from inferior courts (city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts), and oversee naturalization proceedings. District Courts have jurisdiction primarily over most civil cases, cases involving a monetary claim against the state, felony criminal cases, probate, and cases at law and in equity. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana pioneer, Morgan Evans. [240] The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The table below lists average temperatures for the warmest and coldest month for Montana's seven largest cities. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. Its capital is Helena. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. [309] The draft included an expanded, more progressive list of civil and political rights, extended these rights to children for the first time, transferred administration of property taxes to the counties from the state, implemented new water rights, eliminated sovereign immunity, and gave the legislature greater power to spend tax revenues. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation manages 5,200,000 acres (21,000km2) of School Trust Land ceded by the federal government under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. Montana cities map. The U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service administers 110,000 acres (450km2) of 1.1million acres of National Wildlife Refuges and waterfowl production areas in Montana. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. There are five public service commissioners, who are elected on a regional basis. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. [91], East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the state's southern part, including the Gravelly Range, Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains, and Beartooth Mountains. Many species of mushrooms and lichens[154] are also found in the state. [297][298] Montana's largest circulating daily city newspapers are the Billings Gazette (circulation 39,405), Great Falls Tribune (26,733), and Missoulian (25,439).[299]. [241] The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. The transcontinental GNR was completed on January 6, 1893, at Scenic, Washington[38] and is known as the Hi Line, being the northern most transcontinental rail line in the United States. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers 16,800,000 acres (68,000km2) of forest land in ten National Forests. [117] Paleontologist Jack Horner of the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman brought this formation to the world's attention with several major finds.[118]. The constitution of 1889 provided for the election of no fewer than three Supreme Court justices, and one chief justice. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT The first gold discovered in Montana was at Gold Creek near present-day Garrison in 1852. [23] While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led Whites to believe the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large valleys. On the eastern (leeward) side of a mountain range, the valleys are much drier; Lonepine averages 11.45 inches (291mm), and Deer Lodge 11.00 inches (279mm) of precipitation. The Water Court consists of a chief water judge and four district water judges (Lower Missouri River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin, Yellowstone River Basin, and Clark Fork River Basin). Other major northsouth highways include U.S. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. District Courts have the authority to enforce decisions of the Water Court, but only the Montana Supreme Court has the authority to review decisions of the Water Court. 1 bed. These numbers constituted about ten percent of the state's population, and Montana again contributed one of the highest numbers of soldiers per capita of any state. Montana is a state in the United States. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. Go Find Out Go Find Out, In Montana Montana is the kind of place that, just at the mention of it, sparks curiosity and fuels adventure. The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. This created Montana's 1st congressional district in the west and Montana's 2nd congressional district in the east. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the state also had an influx of Amish, who moved to Montana from increasingly urbanized areas of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the Crow in the south-central area, the Cheyenne in the southeast, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central area, and the Kootenai and Salish in the west. Montana's House district is the largest congressional district in the United States by population, with just over 1,023,000 constituents. A series of major mineral discoveries in the western part of the state found gold, silver, copper, lead, and coal (and later oil) which attracted tens of thousands of miners to the area. [77] Most of Montana's hundred or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the northern Rocky Mountains. [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. [197] Of Montana's 56 counties, Native Americans constitute a majority in three: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. [167] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south from Canada. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. census). Still, the state's most important eastwest travel corridor, the route is today served by Interstate 90 and Interstate 94 which roughly follow the same route as the Northern Pacific. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. Democrats hold one of the state's two U.S. Senate seats with Jon Tester. [112] The soil of intermountain basins usually consists of clay, gravel, sand, silt, and volcanic ash, much of it laid down by lakes which covered the region during the Oligocene 33 to 23million years ago. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. There is a single Workers' Compensation Court. Browse by Montana counties. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. Great Falls has the highest percentage of African-Americans in its population, although Billings has more African-American residents than Great Falls. In general, the grizzly bear and Canadian lynx are not threatened species; the IUCN lists both as "least concern". [246], Many notable Montana authors have documented or been inspired by life in Montana in both fiction and non-fiction works. The remaining seat was again elected at-large. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT Everyone wants the money and Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and "The Last Best Place". The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. [281] There are 24 areas where snowmobile trails are maintained, most also offering ungroomed trails. [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. [18] In the 1850s, settlers began moving into the Beaverhead and Big Hole valleys from the Oregon Trail and into the Clark's Fork valley.[19]. [272] Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Eastern Montana . On January 20, 1954, 70F or 56.7C was recorded at a gold mining camp near Rogers Pass. Sidney Edgerton served as the first territorial governor. [79] The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the state's north-central portion,[80] and isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. [130] Nearly one-third of the Missouri River in Montana lies behind 10 dams: Toston, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Black Eagle, Rainbow, Cochrane, Ryan, Morony, and Fort Peck. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. [242] Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed the first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The US Department of Agriculture approved the first honey bee vaccine to target American foulbrood, an aggressive bacterial disease. The Worker's Compensation Court has statewide jurisdiction and holds trials in Billings, Great Falls, Helena, Kalispell, and Missoula. Image: pxfuel 1. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. It is the fourth-largest state by area, the eighth-least populous state, and the third-least densely populated state. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Through the mid-20th century, the state had a tradition of "sending the liberals to Washington and the conservatives to Helena". [276][277] The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, which protects wildlife habitat and promotes hunting heritage, was founded in Montana. [115] Farther east, areas such as Makoshika State Park near Glendive and Medicine Rocks State Park near Ekalaka contain some of the most scenic badlands regions in the state. Massive debt was one. New - 6 hours ago. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. [256] Montana allows the smallest"Class C"high schools to utilize six-man football teams,[257] dramatized in the independent 2002 film The Slaughter Rule.[258]. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. [14][15] The trading post Fort Raymond (18071811) was constructed in Crow Indian country in 1807. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. At the state level, the pattern of split-ticket voting and divided government holds. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Tracks of the Great Northern Railroad (GNR) reached eastern Montana in 1887 and when they reached the northern Rocky Mountains in 1890, the GNR became a significant promoter of tourism to Glacier National Park region. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. In 1916, Montana became the first state to elect a woman, Progressive Republican Jeannette Rankin, to Congress. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. The incorporated places are made up of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities, with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. Montana cities map. [47] In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation. U.S. Attorney Burton K. Wheeler and several district court judges who hesitated to prosecute or convict people brought up on charges were strongly criticized. [286], Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital but does have Trauma II hospitals in Missoula, Billings, and Great Falls. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. 624 sqft. On November 8, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the union's 41st state. [139] Through the Missouri, these rivers ultimately join the Mississippi River and flow into the Gulf of Mexico.[140]. Montana has some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. [236] Approximately 12.2 million non-residents visited Montana in 2018, and the population was estimated to be 1.06 million. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. Each court member served a six-year term. He gave some speeches with inflammatory antiwar rhetoric. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism was strong. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. The governor is Greg Gianforte, a Republican elected in 2020. The Montana Legislature is bicameral and consists of the 50-member Montana Senate and the 100-member Montana House of Representatives. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. Voters approved the legalization of gambling, a bicameral legislature, and retention of the death penalty. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. [300][301] Montana's other major airports include Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. This changed in 1959 when Lee Enterprises bought several Montana newspapers. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996, and its Class 2 Senate seat has been held by Republican Steve Daines since 2014. Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. Email agent. All of Montana's four-year colleges and universities field intercollegiate sports teams. The organization is an outreach endeavor that is part of the College of Arts & Architecture at Montana State University, Bozeman. 624 sqft. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. Browse by Montana counties. [183], Collectively all of these areas (excluding Havre) are known informally as the "big seven", as they are consistently the seven largest communities in the state (their rank order in terms of population is Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell, according to the 2010 U.S. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. Native survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations. [273] Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state. [211] For kindergarten through 12th-grade students, an "Indian Education for All" curriculum from the Montana Office of Public Instruction is available free to all schools. The deadline for a legislator to introduce an appropriations, revenue, or referendum bill is the 62nd legislative day. Many well-known artists, photographers and authors have documented the land, culture and people of Montana in the last 130 years. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of federal land. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. The first operational missiles were in place and ready in early 1962. [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. A new constitution was drafted, which made the legislative and executive branches much more equal in power and which was much less prescriptive in outlining powers, duties, and jurisdictions. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. Subsequent to and particularly in the decades following the Lewis and Clark Expedition, European, Canadian and American traders operated a fur trade, trading with indigenous peoples, in both eastern and western portions of what would become Montana. [59], In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917, which was extended by the Sedition Act of 1918. [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. The first constitution was drafted by a constitutional convention in 1889, in preparation for statehood. During the war, about 30 Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. Both members, however, were still elected at-large. 20072011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates", "Some Shifts In 2010 Census Numbers Due to Boundary Changes, Not All Growth", "Spokane, Montana's Kentucky Derby Winner", "State Fish Blackspotted Cutthroat Trout", "State Fish, Montana Code Annotated: 1-1-507", "TITLE 1. The court hears cases arising under the Montana Workers' Compensation Act and is the court of original jurisdiction for reviews of orders and regulations issued by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). [202], While the largest European-American population in Montana is German (which may also include Austrian and Swiss, among other groups), pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. [310], The 1972 constitution has been amended 31 times as of 2015. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. March 2 March 4, 2023. [313], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. [107], The area east of the divide in the state's north-central portion is known for the Missouri Breaks and other significant rock formations. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. Around 1500 Montanans died as a result of the war and 2437 were wounded, also higher than any other state on a per capita basis. [90] There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. Montana Youth Courts were established by the Montana Youth Court Act of 1974. United States presidential election results for Montana. Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. Heavy snowstorms may occur from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March. In December 1959, Malmstrom AFB was selected as the home of the new Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1868)[207] in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. [65] In Butte, a multiethnic community with a significant European immigrant population, labor unions, particularly the newly formed Metal Mine Workers' Union, opposed the war on grounds it mostly profited large lumber and mining interests. [44] Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers. In 1942, the US Army established Camp Rimini near Helena for the purpose of training sled dogs in winter weather. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. [127] The Kootenai River in northwest Montana is another major tributary of the Columbia. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. 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